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The BIOFUND Virtual Library is an online archive of information on Mozambique’s biodiversity, organized along the lines suggested by the Convention on Biodiversity’s Clearing House Mechanism. The Virtual Library will strive to make available all the documents, studies, reports, articles, educational and communications materials, maps and digital files that have been produced, to serve as a repository of our collective institutional memory as a conservation community. The usefulness of the Virtual Library will improve the more we share amongst ourselves. If you have any materials that are not currently part of the Virtual Library, please click on "Add Document" and become a contributor.

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Title	Author	Year of Publication
A Framework for Tourism Development in Northern Mozambique	John Robinson-Planning & Design	2008
General Province Cabo Delgado; Nampula; Niassa Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2008 External Link Nathan Associates Incorporated Additional Information Publishing Entity Nathan Associates Incorporated Description/Abstract The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is providing technical assistance and funding to develop the tourism potential of three Northern Mozambican Provinces: Cabo Delgado; Nampula; and Niassa. The goal is develop and position the three provinces as major international and sustainable tourism destinations based on the region’s unique historic, cultural and natural resources. Specifically, the project seeks to enhance competitiveness and sustain economic growth by creating an industry friendly policy environment and transforming tourism into a major sector... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Tourism and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area Quirimbas National Park; Lake Niassa Partial Marine Reserve; Primeiras e Segundas Islands Environmental Protection Area A Framework for Tourism Development in Northern Mozambique
Population Structure and Diversity in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Germplasm	Mathews M. Dida & Nelson Wanyera & Melanie L. Harrison Dunn & Jeffrey L. Bennetzen & Katrien M. Devos	2008
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2008 External Link DOI 10.1007/s12042-008-9012-3 Additional Information Publishing Entity Tropical Plant Biol Description/Abstract A genotypic analysis of 79 finger millet accessions (E. coracana subsp. coracana) from 11 African and five Asian countries, plus 14 wild E. coracana subsp. africana lines collected in Uganda and Kenya was conducted with 45 SSR markers distributed across the finger millet genome. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses showed that the E. coracana germplasm formed three largely distinct subpopulations, representing subsp. africana, subsp. coracana originating from Africa and subsp. coracana originating from Asia. A few lines showed admixture between the African and Asian cultivated germplasm pools and were the result of either targeted or accidental... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Population Structure and Diversity in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Germplasm
Mission Report-Reactive Monitoring Mission Selous Game Reserve (United Republic of Tanzania) 23-30 November 2008	Guy Debonnet & Ed Wilson	2008
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2008 External Link World Heritage Centre & IUCN Additional Information Publishing Entity World Heritage Centre & IUCN Description/Abstract From 23 to 30 November 2008, a joint World Heritage Centre/IUCN monitoring mission visited the Selous Game Reserve (SGR) and World Heritage property in accordance Decision 32 COM 7B.4, adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its 32nd session (Quebec City, 2008). The mission was a follow up to the earlier mission undertaken in 2007, which, because of logistical constraints, had only been able to visit the part of the property north of the Rufiji river, which is open to photographic tourism. At its 31st session (Christchurch, 2007), the Committee therefore recommended that a further monitoring mission be organized to focus on the area south of the Rufiji river, which is open to regulated sports hunting. The current mission looked into... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Mission Report-Reactive Monitoring Mission Selous Game Reserve (United Republic of Tanzania) 23-30 November 2008
Wild edible mushrooms and their marketing potential in the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor, Tanzania	Urs Bloesch & Frank Mbago	2009
General Province Niassa Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2008 External Link Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa Moçambique Additional Information Publishing Entity Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa Moçambique Description/Abstract A first field study was carried from 21/1 to 31/1/08 including a) a preliminary assessment of wild mushrooms of the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor which are edible or having medicinal uses, b) the description of the mushroom growing habitats, and c) a first investigation about the marketing of wild edible mushrooms (species, conditioning, existing local markets) in profit of the local communities. This second more in depth analysis is based on further fieldwork realised from 28/2 – 21/3/09. This field trip was carried out later in the rainy season what allowed to assess a wider range of edible mushrooms since the fructification and collection period of many mushrooms is highly seasonal. The second study completes the wild edible mushroom.. Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area Niassa National Reserve Wild edible mushrooms and their marketing potential in the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor, Tanzania
Rubies from the Niassa and Cabo Delgado regions of Northern Mozambique	Vincent Pardieu, Jitlapit Thanachakaphad, Stephane Jacquat, Jean Baptiste Senoble and Lou Pierre Bryl	2009
General Province Cabo Delgado; Niassa Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2009 External Link GIA Laboratory, Bangkok Additional Information Publishing Entity GIA Laboratory, Bangkok Description/Abstract During the past few months, new rubies reported as “Mozambique” appeared in the market in Bangkok and Chanthaburi: After some enquiries in Thailand, Tanzania and Mozambique it seems that this new material is coming from an area near the famous Niassa National Park in Northern Mozambique. At the end of October 2008, Tanzanian broker Abdul M’sellem informed one of the authors (VP) that some new unknown material quite similar to the Winza stones but from another origin probably in the south of Tanzania started to be available in the Mpwapwa gem market, located near the Winza mining area in Tanzania. M’sellem reported that some Tanzanian gem dealers recently started to travel to Songea and Namtumbo to get these stones. After further enquiri... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area Quirimbas National Park; Niassa National Reserve Rubies from the Niassa and Cabo Delgado regions of Northern Mozambique
Poaceae phytolithsfromtheNiassaRift,Mozambique	Julio Mercader, Fernando Astudillo , Mary Barkworth , Tim Bennett , Chris Esselmont , Rahab Kinyanjui , Dyan Laskin Grossman, Steven Simpson , Dale Walde	2010
General Province Niassa Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2009 External Link DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.03.001 Additional Information Publishing Entity Journal of Archaeological Science Description/Abstract The most common grass phytoliths from “Zambezian” miombos are described here for the first time. Their potential for long term preservation in sediments makes them a useful tool in the reconstruction of ancient plant communities and plant/human interactions. We processed 60 plant samples (26 identified genera and species), with an average of 300 phytoliths counted per sample to a total of 18,586. Forty- seven morpho types were described as per the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature, with exceptions, including forty-five discreet shapes and two articulated forms, which can be used as comparative reference materials. We conducted three forms of statistical analyses: Discriminant Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Principal Compon... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Forest Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area Niassa National Reserve Poaceae phytolithsfromtheNiassaRift,Mozambique
MIOMBO ECOREGION VISION REPORT	Jonathan Timberlake & Emmanuel Chidumayo	2011
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2001 External Link Biodiversity Foundation for Africa Additional Information Publishing Entity Biodiversity Foundation for Africa Description/Abstract The Miombo Ecoregion Vision Report was commissioned in 2001 by the Southern Africa Regional Programme Office of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF SARPO). It represented the culmination of an ecoregion reconnaissance process led by Bruce Byers (see Byers 2001a, 2001b), followed by an ecoregion-scale mapping process of taxa and areas of interest or importance for various ecological and bio-physical parameters. The report was then used as a basis for more detailed discussions during a series of national workshops held across the region in the early part of 2002. The main purpose of the reconnaissance and visioning process was to initially outline the bio-physical extent and properties of the so-called Miombo Ecoregion (in practice, a coll... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Forest Biodiversity Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique MIOMBO ECOREGION VISION REPORT
Management costs for small protected areas and economies of scale in habitat conservation	Paul R. Armsworth, Lisette Cantú-Salazar, Mark Parnell, Zoe G. Davies, Rob Stoneman	2010
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2010 External Link doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.026 Additional Information Publishing Entity Biological Conservation Description/Abstract Protected area management must be resourced adequately to achieve its conservation objectives. The variability in management costs across candidate sites for protection therefore should inform conservation planning. For example, when considering whether to accept a donation of a property, a conservation organisation must determine whether an adequate endowment is available to fund future management activities. We examine variation in management costs across 78 small protected areas in the UK that are managed by a conservation NGO, the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. Management costs exceed acquisition costs when funded on an endowment basis and are not correlated with acquisition costs or with proxy measures for conservation costs commonly... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Management costs for small protected areas and economies of scale in habitat conservation
Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854 – Zambezi Flapshell Turtle, Nkhasi	Donald G. Broadley and Walter SachSSe	2011
General Province Cabo Delgado; Manica; Niassa; Sofala Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2011 External Link doi:10.3854/crm.5.055 Additional Information Publishing Entity Conserva- tion Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compila- tion Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs Description/Abstract The Zambezi Flapshell Turtle, Cycloderma frenatum (Family Trionychidae), is a fairly large softshell (carapace length up to about 56 cm) from southeastern Africa. It is found in rivers and lakes from southern Tanzania south to the Save River in Mozambique, extending west to Lake Malawi (Nyasa), where it is common in the shallower areas at the southern end of the lake. These are fast swimming, completely aquatic turtles of about 37–50 cm shell length, which are mostly caught as bycatch in large nets by local fishermen. In areas with human settlements, the nests are excavated during the breeding season (December–March) and the 15–25 eggs per clutch are consumed... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854 – Zambezi Flapshell Turtle, Nkhasi
A landscape approach to elephant conservation in Mozambique	Cornélio Pedro Ntumi, Rudi J. van Aarde & Sam M. Ferreira	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link University of Pretoria Additional Information Publishing Entity University of Pretoria Description/Abstract People and elephants share landscapes throughout Mozambique. Here elephant conservation management focuses on protected areas but fails to address the conflict that exists between elephants and people. In this thesis I develop a landscape approach to conflict mitigation that is designed to accommodate the needs of people and of elephants in human-dominated landscapes. Mozambique faces a dilemma: politically it is required to reduce poverty while at the same time adhere to international agreements and requirements to protect biodiversity with relatively scarce financial resources. Reactive mitigation of human-elephant conflict (HEC) at the site-specific scale have proven to be costly and with low efficacy. A shift from reactive to proacti... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Impact Assessment Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique A landscape approach to elephant conservation in Mozambique
A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species	Bernd Kramera, Roger Bills, Paul Skelton and Michael Wink	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2011 External Link dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452 Additional Information Publishing Entity Journal of Natural History Description/Abstract We morphologically and genetically studied the southern African electric fish Petrocephalus catostoma, or churchill, and its six nominal species, five of which by synonymization (three valid subspecies). We reinstate the synonymized species, and recognize Petrocephalus tanensis (Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959) from the Tana River in Kenya, also using electric organ discharges. The Okavango delta (Botswana) is inhabited by Petrocephalus okavangensis sp. nov. and Petrocephalus magnitrunci sp. nov., and the Namibian Cunene River by Petrocephalus magnoculis sp. nov. We recognize Petrocephalus petersi sp. nov. for the Lower Zambezi River (Mozambique), and Petrocephalus longicapitis sp. nov. for the Upper Zambezi River (Namibia). The Lufubu... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species
Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River	M.R. Minihane	2012
General Province Cabo Delgado Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2012.09.003 Additional Information Publishing Entity Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Description/Abstract Reliable estimates of historic streamflow are important when estimating future flows and water resources availability based on factors such as climate change, population growth, and changes in land use or land cover. Many regions across the globe have limited streamflow observations. Additional information about streamflow in these basins is critical to water resources planning and economic development strategies. In southeastern Africa, the remote Rovuma River lies on the border between Mozambique and Tanzania. There are limited historic measurements in the main tributary, the Lugenda River, and no publicly available observations from recent years. Improved knowledge of the water resources availability and seasonal and annual variabilit... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique; Quirimbas National Park Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River
Genetic structure of the savannah elephant population (Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach 1797)) in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area	Alida de Flamingh	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link University of Pretoria Additional Information Publishing Entity University of Pretoria Description/Abstract Earlier studies investigated the genetic structure of fragmented or isolated elephant populations by comparing the genetic characteristics of pre-defined populations. This study aimed to determine if there was genetic evidence for spatial structuring in a continuous elephant population in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA-TFCA). I sequenced one mtDNA gene region for 88 individuals and genotyped 100 individuals for 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. Bayesian Clustering Algorithms incorporated in the program Geneland were used to identify groups of genetically similar individuals. An Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) determined if these groups (henceforth referred to as sub- populations) were significantly... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Biological and Cultural Diversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Genetic structure of the savannah elephant population (Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach 1797)) in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area
Modelação SIG na avaliação do risco de incêndio na Reserva Nacional do Niassa	Márcio Fernando Mathe, Pedro da Costa Brito Cabral & Natasha Ribeiro	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de informação Universidade Nova de Lisboa Additional Information Publishing Entity Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de informação Universidade Nova de Lisboa Description/Abstract Como qualquer outro desastre natural, os incêndios tem vindo a influenciar os ecossistemas, provocando constantes mudanças. Nem todos os ecossistemas estão adaptados para o aumento em termos de frequência e tamanho dos incêndios florestais. A incidência de incêndios em termos de tamanho, frequência e intensidade tem aumentado significativamente na Reserva Nacional do Niassa. Os esforços para a prevenção por forma a reduzir a frequência e intensidade do fogo ainda são insuficientes. Além disso, a produção de mapas de risco de incêndio ainda é bastante reduzida em Moçambique. A capacidade de prever a ocorrência de ignição do fogo constitui um instrumento importante para os gestores, ajudando a definir as prioridades entre as áreas de risc... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Forest Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Community Use of Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Modelação SIG na avaliação do risco de incêndio na Reserva Nacional do Niassa
CO-GESTÃO, GOVERNAÇÃO E QUADRO JURÌDICO-LEGAL DAS ÁREAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIAS EM MOÇAMBIQUE	Brian Jones, Tiago Lidimba e Gildo Espada	2020
General Province Tete Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) External Link Additional Information Publishing Entity USAID Description/Abstract Document Language Portuguese Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information PA Management Document Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area Mágoè National Park CO-GESTÃO, GOVERNAÇÃO E QUADRO JURÌDICO-LEGAL DAS ÁREAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIAS EM MOÇAMBIQUE
CO-MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR COMMUNITY CONSERVATION AREAS IN MOZAMBIQUE	Brian Jones, Tiago Lidimba, and Gildo Espada	2020
General Province Tete Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) External Link Additional Information Publishing Entity USAID Description/Abstract Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information PA Management Document Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area Mágoè National Park CO-MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR COMMUNITY CONSERVATION AREAS IN MOZAMBIQUE
A contribution to the knowledge of the Sphingidae fauna of Mozambique	MAREK BĄKOWSKI, GYULA M. LÁSZLÓ, HITOSHI TAKANO	2020
General Province Cabo Delgado; Manica; Maputo; Sofala Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2020 External Link dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.35.5 Additional Information Publishing Entity Ecologica Montenegrina Description/Abstract A list of 74 species of the Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) recently sampled at sites in Maputo, Gorongosa, Manica, Cabo Delgado and Zambezia provinces of Mozambique is provided. All species are illustrated of which fourteen are recorded for the first time from Mozambique. Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Forest Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area Quirimbas National Park; Maputo Special Reserve; Chimanimani National Reserve A contribution to the knowledge of the Sphingidae fauna of Mozambique
Six new species of the genus Tumicla Wallengren, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)	ANTON V. VOLYNKIN & GYULA M. LÁSZLÓ	2020
General Province Manica Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2020 External Link dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.38.6 Additional Information Publishing Entity Ecologica Montenegrina Description/Abstract The present paper contains the descriptions of six new species of the genus Tumicla Wallengren, 1863: T. usa sp. n. (NE Tanzania), T. chuquelae sp. n. (C Mozambique), T. pringlei sp. n. (NE Tanzania), T. mutinondo sp. n. (NE Zambia), T. turlini sp. n. (Rwanda) and T. fisheri sp. n. (NW Zambia). The hitherto unknown male of T. smithi Volynkin & László, 2019 is illustrated and described. 23 colour and 24 black and white diagnostic figures are included. Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Forest Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area Chimanimani National Reserve Six new species of the genus Tumicla Wallengren, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
URBAN RISK ASSESSMENTS-Understanding Disaster and Climate Risk in Cities	Eric Dickson, Judy L. Baker, Daniel Hoornweg, and Asmita Tiwari	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8962-1 Additional Information Publishing Entity International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / Th e World Bank Description/Abstract Th e rapid and often unplanned expansion of cities is exposing more people and economic assets to the risk of disasters and the effects of climate change. For city governments, increased climate variability imposes additional challenges to effective urban management and the delivery of key services, while for residents it increasingly affects their lives and livelihoods due to more frequent floods, landslides, heat waves, droughts, and fi res. Th ere is an urgent need for cities to consider disaster and climate change by streamlining assessments of related risks in their planning and management as well as delivery of services. Th is paper proposes a framework for carrying out urban risk assessment, and seeks to strengthen coherence... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique URBAN RISK ASSESSMENTS-Understanding Disaster and Climate Risk in Cities
RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA, ITS INFLUENCES ON STREAMFLOW VARIATIONS AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIMATIC V AR1ATIONS	PATRICK V ALIMBA	2004
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2004 External Link RHODES UNIVERSITY Additional Information Publishing Entity RHODES UNIVERSITY Description/Abstract Hydrological variability involving rainfall and streamflows in southern Africa have been often studied separately or have used cumulative rainfall and streamflow indices. The main objective of this study was to investigate spatio-temporal variations of rainfall, their influences on streamflows and their relationships with climatic variations with emphasis on indices that characterise the hydrological extremes, floods and droughts. It was found that 60-70% of the time when it rains, daily rainfalls are below their long-term averages and daily amounts below 10 mm are the most frequent in southern Africa. Spatially, climatologies of rainfall sub-divided the southern African subcontinent into the dry western/southwestern part and the “humid”... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA, ITS INFLUENCES ON STREAMFLOW VARIATIONS AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIMATIC V AR1ATIONS
Progress and Challenges in Urban Climate Adaptation Planning-Results of a Global Survey	JoAnn Carmin, Nikhil Nadkarni, and Christopher Rhie	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link Cambridge, MA: MIT. Additional Information Publishing Entity Cambridge, MA: MIT. Description/Abstract Cities around the world are increasingly aware of the need to prepare for greater variability in temperature, precipitation, and natural disasters expected to take place as a result of global climate change. In recent years, numerous reports and manuals have been written and networks formed to offer guidance and facilitate the exchange of ideas and information. However, since systematic studies have not been conducted, the information and methods being disseminated often are based on the efforts of a limited number of cities and wisdom drawn from experience in other domains. To gain insight into the status of adaptation planning globally, approaches cities around the world are taking, and challenges they are encountering, a survey was... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Progress and Challenges in Urban Climate Adaptation Planning-Results of a Global Survey
PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments	Snover, A.K., L. Whitely Binder, J. Lopez, E. Willmott, J. Kay, D. Howell, and J. Simmonds	2007
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2007 External Link The Climate Impacts Group Additional Information Publishing Entity The Climate Impacts Group Description/Abstract Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique PREPARING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments
Isotopic Patterns in Modern Global Precipitation	KAZIMIERZ ROZANSKLI,U ISA RAGu-s-ARAGu-sA, ND ROBERTOG ONFTANTINI	1993
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 1993 External Link American Geophysical Union Additional Information Publishing Entity American Geophysical Union Description/Abstract The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), has been conducting a world-wide survey of hydrogen ('HI'H) and oxygen (''0/'~0) isotope compositionof monthly precipitation since 1961. At present, 72 IAEAlWMO network stations are in operation. Another 82 stations belonging to national organizations continue to send their results to the IAEA for publication. The paper focuses on basic featuresof spatial and temporal distribution of deuterium and ''0 in global preciitation,as derived from the IAEA/WMO isotope database. The internal structure and basic characteristics otthis database are discussed in some detail. The existing phenomenological relationships between observed... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Isotopic Patterns in Modern Global Precipitation
Integrated mapping of groundwater drought risk in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region	Karen G. Villholth & Christian Tøttrup & Martin Stendel & Ashton Maherry	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link DOI 10.1007/s10040-013-0968-1 Additional Information Publishing Entity Hydrogeology Journal Description/Abstract Groundwater drought denotes the condition and hazard during a prolonged meteorological drought when groundwater resources decline and become unavailable or inaccessible for human use. Groundwater drought risk refers to the combined physical risk and human vulnerability associated with diminished groundwater availability and access during drought. An integrated management support tool, GRiMMS, is presented, for the mapping and assessment of relative groundwater drought risk in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Based on composite mapping analysis of regionwide gridded relative indices of meteorological drought risk, hydrogeological drought proneness and human groundwater drought vulnerability, the mapping results... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Integrated mapping of groundwater drought risk in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region
Impact of monsoons, temperature, and CO2 on the rainfall and ecosystems of Mt. Kenya during the Common Era	Bronwen Konecky, James Russell, Yongsong Huanga, Mathias Vuille, Lily Cohen, F. Alayne Street-Perrott	2014
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.037 Additional Information Publishing Entity Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Description/Abstract Glacial and early Holocene-age sediments from lakes on Mt. Kenya have documented strong responses of montane hydrology, ecosystems, and carbon cycling to past changes in temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, little is known about climate and ecosystemvariations on Mt. Kenya during the Common Era (the past ~2000 years), despite mounting evidence for significant climate changes in the East African lowlands during the past millennium and recent observations of alpine glacier retreat in the East African highlands. We present a new, high-resolution record of the hydrogen and carbon isotopic composition of terrestrial plantwax compounds (δDwax, δ13Cwax) preserved in the sediments of Sacred Lake from 200C.E. to the end of the... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Impact of monsoons, temperature, and CO2 on the rainfall and ecosystems of Mt. Kenya during the Common Era
Evidence of a large cooling between 1690 and 1740 AD in southern Africa	H. S. Sundqvist, K. Holmgren, J. Fohlmeister, Q. Zhang, M. Bar Matthews, C. Spo¨tl5&H. Ko¨rnich	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link DOI: 10.1038/srep01767 Additional Information Publishing Entity Scientific reports Description/Abstract A 350-year-long, well-dated d18O stalagmite record from the summer rainfall region in South Africa is positively correlated with regional air surface temperatures at interannual time scales. The coldest period documented in this record occurred between 1690 and 1740, slightly lagging the Maunder Minimum (1645– 1710). A temperature reconstruction, based on the correlation between regional surface temperatures and the stalagmite d18O variations, indicates that parts of this period could have been as much as 1.46C colder than today. Significant cycles of 22, 11 and 4.8 years demonstrate that the solar magnetic and the El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation cycle could be important drivers of multidecadal to interannual climate variability in this.. Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Evidence of a large cooling between 1690 and 1740 AD in southern Africa
Community Based Adaptation 6th International Conference 16-22 April 2012 Hanoi Vietnam	Hannah Reid	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link Community Based Adaptation 6th International Conference Additional Information Publishing Entity Community Based Adaptation 6th International Conference Description/Abstract Community‐based adaptation (CBA) has a growing group of interested supporters, researchers, practitioners, policy makers, donors and indeed local communities themselves who see it as a way to tackle some of the many challenges of a world altered by climate change. The sixth international CBA conference in 2012 was held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 16‐22 April 2012 and reflects this growing interest in CBA with over 320 people registered to attend from 61 different countries, and many more attending the opening and closing sessions. Over 30 co‐sponsors and other contributing organisations provided support. CBA6 follows previous CBA conferences held in vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh and Tanzania, each of which has experienced year... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Community Based Adaptation 6th International Conference 16-22 April 2012 Hanoi Vietnam
Cities and Flooding A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century	Abhas K Jha, Robin Bloch, Jessica Lamond	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8866-2 Additional Information Publishing Entity The World Bank Description/Abstract Urban fl ooding is a serious and growing development challenge. Against the backdrop of demographic growth, urbanization trends and climate changes, the causes of fl oods are shifting and their impacts are accelerating. This large and evolving challenge means that far more needs to be done by policy makers to better understand and more effectively manage existing and future risks. Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Official Government Document Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Cities and Flooding A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century
CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVE Negombo, SRI LANKA: CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT	PKS Mahanama, Amila Jayasinghe, Chethika Abenayake	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2011 External Link United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) Additional Information Publishing Entity United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) Description/Abstract This vulnerability assessment follows a toolkit based on the experience of a Participatory Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of Sorsogon City, Philippines. This is a participatory process of selected stakeholders which builds citizens’ capability to address city vulnerability to climate change scenarios and to develop adaptation strategies. Some of the steps in the original methodology have been modified to suit the local situation of the Negombo Municipal Council (NMC) area. The main objective of this vulnerability assessment is to estimate the local area vulnerability to potential climate change impacts and provide a context for local government decision makers to develop local climate change adaptation and... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVE Negombo, SRI LANKA: CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Building Urban Resilience: Principles, Tools and Practice	The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development	2012
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2012 External Link The World Bank Additional Information Publishing Entity The World Bank Description/Abstract In the context of the demographic, urbanization and climatic trends, policy-makers in East Asia are facing many difficult decisions over medium and long-term investments in public infrastructure and urban management. Recent tragic events in the region, including the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, widespread flooding in Thailand, and the tropical storm Washi in the Philippines remind us of the devastation, economic damage and loss of human life that result from disasters. They add a sense of urgency to the challenge of preparing for and managing disaster, and carry important lessons to urban disaster risk management practitioners. There are concrete ways to improve the decision-making process to guide cities towards the aspired... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Building Urban Resilience: Principles, Tools and Practice
Adaptação as Mudanças Climáticas na Cidade da Beira – Reabilitação, Extensão e Operação do Sistema de Drenagem Urbano de Águas Pluviais-Estudo Ambiental Simplificado Projecto de Reabertura do Rio Chiveve Elaborado	CENTRO DE PESQUISA E CONSULTORIA, LDA	2013
General Province N/A; Sofala Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE INFRA-ESTRUTURAS DE ÁGUA E SANEAMENTO Additional Information Publishing Entity ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE INFRA-ESTRUTURAS DE ÁGUA E SANEAMENTO Description/Abstract Administração de Infra-estruturas de Água e Saneamento (AIAS), com sede na Avenida Eduardo Mondlane N° 1352, 4° andar, Maputo pretende implementar o Projecto de “Adaptação as Mudanças Climáticas na Cidade da Beira – Reabilitação, Extensão e Operação do Sistema de Drenagem Urbano de Águas Pluviais”: Reabertura do Rio Chiveve, na Cidade da Beira, com financiamento do banco alemão KfW com fundos de investimentono total de 13 milhões de euros, abrangendo os bairros de Chaimite, Maquinino e Ponta-Gêa. Este projecto toma em conta as intervenções de outros actores na área em particular do Banco Mundial, que prevê a reabilitação do sistema de drenagem primário e secundário da cidade da Beira com vista a garantir um máximo de complementaridade... Document Language Portuguese Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.) Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Adaptação as Mudanças Climáticas na Cidade da Beira – Reabilitação, Extensão e Operação do Sistema de Drenagem Urbano de Águas Pluviais-Estudo Ambiental Simplificado Projecto de Reabertura do Rio Chiveve Elaborado
Results from Expert Seminar – Topics of Integrated Water Ressources Management	Hussain Al-Towaie, Jigal Beez, Nasim Losai, Andrew Jacob Ngereza, Simon Mang’erere Onywere, Franziska Steinbruch, Ayenew Tessera	2010
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2010 External Link Universität Siegen, Centre for International Capacity Development Additional Information Publishing Entity Universität Siegen, Centre for International Capacity Development Description/Abstract Water desalination has become one of the sources of water supply in many countries, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) where the renewable resources are limited. Water desalination can provide unlimited and constant supply of high-quality drinking water and reduces pressure on freshwater ecosystems and groundwater resources. However, as the capacity installed worldwide increases at a rapid pace, increasing concerns are also expressed over potential negative impacts of the desalination activity on the environment. The main concerns are the emission of air pollutants due to a fossil energy use and the waste water discharge to the sea: high salinity water, often containing residual antiscalants. The selection of the... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Impact Assessment Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Results from Expert Seminar – Topics of Integrated Water Ressources Management
Social Assessment of Protected Areas Early Experience and Results of a Participatory, Rapid Approach	Phil Franks, Dilys Roe, Rob Small, Helen Schneider	2014
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2014 External Link IIED Additional Information Publishing Entity IIED Description/Abstract Assessing the positive and negative social impacts of protected areas is no easy task, but it can be done with relatively simple, low cost methodologies. Designed for this purpose, the Social Assessment of Protected Areas (SAPA) methodology can be applied to any protected area (PA), regardless of its management category and governance type, and to related conservation and development activities that are designed to support PA conservation. At the heart of the SAPA methodology is a multi-stakeholder process that enhances accuracy and credibility, and ensures that the assessment addresses the information needs not only of PA managers, but also of other key actors in government, civil society and the private sector. This working paper... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations Issue Protected Areas Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Social Assessment of Protected Areas Early Experience and Results of a Participatory, Rapid Approach
Management Plan for the Eco-restoration of Pallikaranai Reserve Forest Study team	PA Azeez, S Bhupathy, J Ranjini, R Dhanya, PP Nikhil Raj	2007
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2007 External Link DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2346.8969 Additional Information Publishing Entity Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Description/Abstract Wetlands are among the most productive life supporting systems of the world with immense socio-economic, ecological and bio-aesthetic importance. From time immemorial, river valleys and wetlands have played a critical role in fostering culture and civilization. However, wetlands did not receive due consideration and appreciation. Consequently wetlands have diminished in size and quality at alarming rates throughout the developed and developing countries. Apparently, they are considered almost synonymous with wastelands, to be filled up, occupied and diverted for various human needs, disregarding the ecological services these ecosystems offer to humankind. Wetlands are lost / degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as agriculture... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Management Plan for the Eco-restoration of Pallikaranai Reserve Forest Study team
Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence	C. Packer et al.	2013
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2013 External Link doi: 10.1111/ele.12091 Additional Information Publishing Entity Ecology Letters Description/Abstract Conservationists often advocate for landscape approaches to wildlife management while others argue for physical separation between protected species and human communities, but direct empirical comparisons of these alternatives are scarce. We relate African lion population densities and population trends to contrasting management practices across 42 sites in 11 countries. Lion populations in fenced reserves are significantly closer to their estimated carrying capacities than unfenced populations. Whereas fenced reserves can maintain lions at 80% of their potential densities on annual management budgets of $500 km!2, unfenced populations require budgets in excess of $2000 km!2 to attain half their potential densities. Lions in fenced... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Threats to Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence
Geological and Geoenvironmental Mapping of Beira, Mozambique, at 1:50000 scale – preliminary results	R. DIAS, J. T. OLIVEIRA, E. C. RAMALHO, M. J. BATISTA, J. FERNANDES, L. QUENTAL, D. MILISSE, V. MANHIÇA, U.0, G. CUNE USSENE, E. X. DAUDI	2010
General Province N/A; Sofala Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2007 External Link e-terra.geopor.pt Additional Information Publishing Entity Revista Electrónica de Ciências da Terra Geosciences On-line Journal Description/Abstract A Carta Geológica e Geoambiental da Beira na escala 1/50000 tem vindo a ser elaborada desde 2007 no âmbito de um projecto de cooperação entre a DNG de Moçambique, o LNEG de Portugal e o IPAD. Alguns dos seus objectivos consistem na identificação e caracterização das diferentes unidades geológicas e respectiva representação cartográfica, reconhecimento dos processos geológicos naturais actuais e avaliação dos problemas ambientais da cidade ao nível da contaminação de águas e solos, recorrendo para tal a um conjunto de metodologias integradas. Apontam-se aqui alguns resultados preliminares. Document Language Portuguese Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Other Terrestrial Biodiversity Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique; Gorongosa National Park Geological and Geoenvironmental Mapping of Beira, Mozambique, at 1:50000 scale – preliminary results
Assessment of Hydrogeological and Water Quality Parameters, Using MRS and VES in the Vientiane Basin, Laos	Nils Perttu	2008
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2008 External Link LICENTIATE TH ES I S Additional Information Publishing Entity LICENTIATE THESIS Description/Abstract Water is essential for all life on the planet, sustaining and ensuring the earth’s ecosystem. Groundwater from a global perspective provides about 50% of the potable water supplies, 40% of the industrial water and 20% of the irrigated agriculture. For drinking water, deep groundwater has many advantages compared to surface water and shallow groundwater, since it demands little or no treatment and the access is secured against temporary droughts. However, salinity in deep groundwater is common in coastal areas and in areas where rock salt is occurring naturally in the soil and bedrock... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Assessment of Hydrogeological and Water Quality Parameters, Using MRS and VES in the Vientiane Basin, Laos
The response of stable water isotopes in precipitation and the surface ocean to tropical climate variability	Josephine Brown	2004
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2004 External Link School of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne Additional Information Publishing Entity School of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne Description/Abstract Stable water isotope records may be used to reconstruct tropical climate variability on seasonal to glacial time scales. Isotopic ratios in precipitation are archived in tropical ice cores, and may be interpreted as records of precipitation, temperature and atmospheric circulation variability in the tropics. Isotopic ratios in the carbonate skeletons of coral and foraminifera record local and mean ocean isotopic ratios as well as sea surface temperature. Reconstruction of past climate from isotopic records requires assumptions about the isotope–climate relationship on the relevant time scale. In order to test these assumptions, an isotopic tracer scheme in the Melbourne University General Circulation Model is used to simulate the isotope... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity Marine Biodiversity Type of Information Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique The response of stable water isotopes in precipitation and the surface ocean to tropical climate variability
Multi-scale climate modelling over Southern Africa using a variable-resolution global model	FA Engelbrecht, WA Landman, CJ Engelbrecht, S Landman, MM Bopape, B Roux, JL McGregor and M Thatcher	2011
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 2011 External Link dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v37i5.2 Additional Information Publishing Entity Water Research Description/Abstract Evidence is provided of the successful application of a single atmospheric model code at time scales ranging from short-range weather forecasting through to projections of future climate change, and at spatial scales that vary from relatively low-resolution global simulations, to ultra-high resolution simulations at the micro-scale. The model used for these experiments is a variable-resolution global atmospheric model, the conformal-cubic atmospheric model (CCAM). It is shown that CCAM may be used to obtain plausible projections of future climate change, as well as skilful forecasts at the seasonal and short-range time scales, over the Southern African region. The model is additionally applied for extended simulations of present-day ... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique Multi-scale climate modelling over Southern Africa using a variable-resolution global model
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENSO SIGNAL IN THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC AND WESTERN INDIAN OCEANS	SHARON E. NICHOLSON	1997
General Province N/A Years Covered (Years subject to analysis in the document) 1995 External Link INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Additional Information Publishing Entity INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Description/Abstract This article examines the time–space evolution of the El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans, using harmonic analysis. Composites of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and other variables are examined for a 24-month period beginning 6 months prior to the year of maximum warming in the Pacific (termed year 0). An ENSO signal is apparent in the Atlantic in six out of eight Pacific episodes and in the Indian Ocean in all eight episodes. Warming begins along the south-eastern Atlantic coast early in year 0, some months later elsewhere in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean. Maximum warming occurs in the Atlantic in October–December of year 0, but in the following January–March... Document Language English Restrictions No Restrictions Type of Biodiversity General Type of Information Peer-reviewed article Issue Climate Change and Biodiversity Relevant Protected Area All Protected Areas of Mozambique AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENSO SIGNAL IN THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC AND WESTERN INDIAN OCEANS

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