The BIOFUND Virtual Library is an online archive of information on Mozambique’s biodiversity, organized along the lines suggested by the Convention on Biodiversity’s Clearing House Mechanism. The Virtual Library will strive to make available all the documents, studies, reports, articles, educational and communications materials, maps and digital files that have been produced, to serve as a repository of our collective institutional memory as a conservation community. The usefulness of the Virtual Library will improve the more we share amongst ourselves. If you have any materials that are not currently part of the Virtual Library, please click on "Add Document" and become a contributor.
Filters
Title
Author
Year of Publication
The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital
Costanza, R.
1997
N/A
NATURE
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocksthat produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth’s life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet.We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16–54 trillion (1012) per year, with an average of US$33trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, thismust be considered a minimum estimate.
English
No Restrictions
General
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital
A Contingent Valuation Study of Marine Parks Ecotourism: The Case of Pulau Payar and Pulau Redang in Malaysia
Yacob, M.; Radam, A. & Shurb, A.
2009
N/A
Journal of Sustainable Development
The present paper has applied dichotomous choice survey design-contingent valuation method (CVM) to investigate empirically the willingness to pay (WTP) of the visitors for ecotourism resources in two selected marine parks in Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, the purpose of this research is to estimate the value of ecotourism resources by using environmental economic tools which focuses on contingent valuation method of WTP. It uses Logit and Probit models to estimate the visitor’s WTP responses for conservation the marine parks for ecotourism. The studies are based on a sample of 215 respondents in Pulau Redang and 153 respondents in Pulau Payar that were randomly interviewed for data collection for both islands in April-July 2007.
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures; Protected Areas
None
A Contingent Valuation Study of Marine Parks Ecotourism: The Case of Pulau Payar and Pulau Redang in Malaysia
Valuing Time in Travel Cost Demand Analysis By Visitors to Blue Mesa Reservoir
Mckean, J.; Walsh, R. & Johnson, D.
1991
N/A
Opportunity time cost is usually a significant part of the price variable in the travel cost demand model (TCM). Thus, its accurate measurement is important to the estimation of demand and benefits evaluation for non market goods. In this paper we evaluate a technique derived by Ward (1983) to find the value of time implicit in a travel cost model. Monetary costs and time are entered as separate arguments to explain trips per year and, under certain conditions, the ratio of the partial effect of time cost to the partial effect of monetary cost reveals the implicit value of time. The often used technique of assuming an opportunity time cost on the basis of income is examined using the implicit time cost approach of McConnell and Strand.
English
No Restrictions
General
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
Valuing Time in Travel Cost Demand Analysis By Visitors to Blue Mesa Reservoir
Valuation of natural marine ecosystems: an economic perspective
Remoundou, K. Et al.
2009
N/A
Elsevier Ltd.
This paper attempts to examine whether information from valuation studies can help the design of policies adequate to reverse and halt the generally poor state of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Economic implications of managing coastal and marine environments are thus discussed by assessing the results of different valuation studies implemented in the area. Lessons and policy recommendations from existing literature are inferred to guide marine resources management decisions.
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity
Peer-reviewed article
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
Valuation of natural marine ecosystems: an economic perspective
The Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystems in California
Raheem, N. Et al.
Sd
N/A
The status of marine ecosystems affects the well being of human societies. These ecosystems include but are not limited to estuaries, lagoons, reefs, and systems further offshore such as deep ocean vents. The coastal regions that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems are of particular relevance to human societies. Marine, terrestrial, and coastal ecosystems all provide ―ecosystem services‖ that are essential to human survival.
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures; Protected Areas
None
The Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystems in California
Towards estimating total economic value of forests in Mexico
Adger, N. Et al.
1994
N/A
Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, University of East Anglia amd University College London
Failure to account for the numerous functions and economic uses of forests have led to patterns of global forest use with many detrimental environmental consequences. This study demonstrates the economic techniques for estimating the Total Economic Value (TEV) of forests. For the Mexican forest estate, the results show an annual lower bound value of the services of the total forest area to be in the order of $4 billion. This aggregate value stems from the non-marketed services provided by non-consumptive use; from future potential uses of the genetic resources and from pure existence values; and the largest proportion of economic value coming from the functional values of hydrological and carbon cycling.
English
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
Towards estimating total economic value of forests in Mexico
The Whole Economy of the Snohomish Basin: The Essential Economics of Ecosystem Services
Batker, D. Et al.
2010
N/A
This report presents an economic analysis of the Snohomish Basin economy to illuminate the critical links between natural capital and our economy’s health and resilience. Natural capital, such as a forest or a wetland, ensures a flow of local food and freshwater supply, flood protection and a host of other services without which the economy would be crippled. For example, most of the flood protection benefits within the Snohomish Basin are provided by natural systems such as upland forests and floodplains. Floodplains also provide a suite of ecosystem services including salmon nursery, water quality improvements, agricultural food production and recreation.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
The Whole Economy of the Snohomish Basin: The Essential Economics of Ecosystem Services
The economic value of environmental change in Sweden
Sundberg, S. & Söderqvist, T.
2004
N/A
Denna sammanställning av ekonomiska värderingsstudier av miljöförändringar i Sverige är en uppdatering och vidareutveckling av den studie som gjordes av Tore Söderqvist 1996. Sammanställningen avser bl.a. att stödja verkets arbete med att genomföra samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser. Naturvårdsverket har krav på sig att göra kostnadseffektivitetsanalyser av de förslag som läggs fram men efterfrågan på analyser där kostnaden ställs i relation till den miljönytta de bidrar till ökar också.
English
No Restrictions
General
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Impact Assessment
None
The economic value of environmental change in Sweden
Coastal Capital Literature Review: Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources in Jamaica
World Resources Institute
2011
N/A
To help fill this information gap, several marine and coastal economic valuation studies have been conducted in Jamaica at both the national and local scales. Economic valuation—which assigns a monetary value to the goods and services provided by ecosystems—gives policy makers an important tool with which to set priorities and improve decision making regarding natural resources. Unfortunately, it became clear from many conversations with Jamaican partners that while quite a few marine and coastal economic valuation studies have been conducted in Jamaica, few of them have had an impact on decision making.
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures; Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Coastal Capital Literature Review: Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources in Jamaica
Coastal Capital: Jamaica
University of the West Indies –Mona
2011
N/A
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Presentations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Coastal Capital: Jamaica
Coastal Capital: Jamaica Coral Reefs, Beach Erosion and Impacts to Tourism in Jamaica
Kushner, B. Et al.
2011
N/A
Working Paper. Washington, DC:
This study focused on the three main beach tourist destinations in Jamaica—Negril, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios—which are all impacted by coral reef degradation and associated beach erosion (Map ES-1). An average current beach erosion rate of 0.3 m/yr was used for each of these beaches. We applied a model developed by Sheppard et al. (2007) to each of the three sites, to estimate how the further loss of live reef structure and the subsequent erosion of the reef substrate over 10 years would lead to increased wave heights and thus increased beach erosion.
English
No Restrictions
Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures; Sustainable Use of Biodiversity; Tourism and Biodiversity
None
Coastal Capital: Jamaica Coral Reefs, Beach Erosion and Impacts to Tourism in Jamaica
Technological Substitution and Augmentation of Ecosystem Services
Goklany, I.
Sd
N/A
Nature once produced virtually every service, good or material that humanity used. It supplied all food, fiber, skins, water, and much of the fuel, medicines and building materials. Over time, human beings developed technologies to coax more of these services from nature, often at the expense of other species. Agriculture and forestry increased the production of food, fiber and timber. Human beings also developed animal husbandry, commandeering other species to serve their needs for a steadier protein diet, for fiber and skins for bodily warmth and protection, to do work on and off the farm, and to transport goods and people.
English
No Restrictions
General
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Biological and Cultural Diversity
None
Technological Substitution and Augmentation of Ecosystem Services
Valuing wetlands: Guidance for valuing the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services
de Groot, R. Et al.
2006
N/A
Ramsar Convention Secretariat
Economic valuation of ecosystems is a rapidly developing discipline, and there are now many different methods available for undertaking different aspects and purposes of wetland valuation. In order to assist Contracting Parties in having economic valuation information better available for decision-making on wetlands, Ramsar’s COP8 (Valencia, 2002) requested the STRP to prepare guidance on practical methods for wetland valuation. This report, the preparation of which has been led by Rudolf de Groot and Mishka Stuip of Wageningen University and the Foundation for Sustainable Development (FSD) in the Netherlands provides this guidance, and updates information on available methodologies from those in Barbier et al. (1997).
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
Valuing wetlands: Guidance for valuing the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services
The Value of Forest Ecosystems
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
2001
N/A
CBD Technical Series
The goal of the CBD Technical Publications Series is to contribute to the dissemination of up-to-date and accurate information on selected topics that are important for the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the equitable sharing of its benefits. A large and growing body of evidence has clearly established the need to disseminate synthesis publications relevant to CBD objectives and selected reports presented at CBD meetings.
English
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
The Value of Forest Ecosystems
Diplomas Legislativos n. 1994-97 – Cria o Parque Nacional da Gornongosa, Estabelece as Reservas de Maputo, Marromeu, Gilé e Niassa
Boletim Oficial de Moçambiue
1960
Maputo
Boletim Oficial de Moçambiue
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity; Other Terrestrial Biodiversity; Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Official Government Document
Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.)
Gorongosa National Park; Maputo Special Reserve; Marromeu Special Reserve; Niassa National Reserve; Gilé National Reserve
Diplomas Legislativos n. 1994-97 – Cria o Parque Nacional da Gornongosa, Estabelece as Reservas de Maputo, Marromeu, Gilé e Niassa
How to Interpret a Water Analysis Report
Robillard, P.; Sharpe, W. & Swistock, B.
2016
N/A
Penn State
What is the significance of the parameters listed in the water test report? This article outlines some of the major parameters you may see on the analysis and assists you in understanding the report.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
How to Interpret a Water Analysis Report
River and estuary pollution
GOVERNMENT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
1997
N/A
Water and Rivers Comission
Water pollution occurs when products or other subtances change the +hysical, thermal (heat), chemical or biogical charactereristics of water, adversely affecting living species and reducing the water´s beneficial uses.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
River and estuary pollution
Hidromar – Boletim do Instituto Hidrográfico
Mourato, P.
2010
N/A
Instituto Hidrográfico
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity; Marine Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
None
Hidromar – Boletim do Instituto Hidrográfico
Reserva De Pomene – Levantamento Da Situação Actual E Recomendações Para Um Futuro Programa De Maneio, Conservação E Envolvimento Turistico
Oglethorpe, J.; Correia, A.& Koy, S.
1995
Inhambane
O Sistema natural de Pomene possui uma configuração geomorfológica extraordinaria com uma grande variedade de habitates naturais de beleza ímpar. Possui um grande potencial para turismo e pescas.
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity; Other Terrestrial Biodiversity; Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Protected Areas; Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
Pomene National Reserve
Reserva De Pomene – Levantamento Da Situação Actual E Recomendações Para Um Futuro Programa De Maneio, Conservação E Envolvimento Turistico
Water pollution: sources, effects, control and management
Owa, F.
2014
N/A
SciPress Ltd.
Human activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an effect on the water bodies (rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Peer-reviewed article
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Water pollution: sources, effects, control and management
Types and Sources of Pollution
Ad
Sd
N/A
In simplest terms, impaired waters are those that have high levels of pollution from one or more sources. And, at the most basic level, there are two sources of water pollution: point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution. For the most part, this plan deals only with nonpoint source pollution. The two sources, however, are not completely extricable and an examination of one source must include the impacts from and on the other source.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
None
Types and Sources of Pollution
The Source Water Protection Primer
POLLUTION PROBE
2004
N/A
Source water is untreated water from streams, lakes, or underground aquifers that people use to supply private wells and public drinking water systems. Source water protection is about protecting both the quality and the quantity of these water sources, now and into the future.
English
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
None
The Source Water Protection Primer
Types of water pollution Sources of water pollution Clean Water Act Treatment of waste water
Ad
Sd
N/A
English
No Restrictions
General
Presentations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Types of water pollution Sources of water pollution Clean Water Act Treatment of waste water
Maputo Special Reserve Management Plan 2000-2005
DNAC
2000
Maputo
1996 - 1999
The purpose of this management plan for the Maputo Special Reserve (MSR) is to provide a framework for the rehabilitation and development of the reserve over the five years 2000 – 2005, and will provide guidance for management staff. This includes the integration of all donor, NGO, private sector, institutional and Government of Mozambique (GoM) activities in the Reserve
English
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity; Other Terrestrial Biodiversity; Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
PA Management Document
Protected Areas
Maputo Special Reserve
Maputo Special Reserve Management Plan 2000-2005
What Is Water Pollution?
Dozier, M.
2005
N/A
Water and Me Series
English
No Restrictions
General
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
None
What Is Water Pollution?
PLANO DE MANEIO DA RESERVA NACIONAL DE POMENE Volume I Plano de Maneio
ANAC
2016
Inhambane
Apresenta o delineamento estratégico e directrizes gerais bem como específicas, definindo acções e metas, para a gestão da Reserva Nacional de Pomene.
Portuguese
No Restrictions
General
PA Management Document
Protected Areas
Pomene National Reserve
PLANO DE MANEIO DA RESERVA NACIONAL DE POMENE Volume I Plano de Maneio
Dados hidrológicos de caudais máximo de cheia para um periodo de retorno de 20 anos
ARA-Norte
2015
Cabo Delgado
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Official Government Document
Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.)
None
Dados hidrológicos de caudais máximo de cheia para um periodo de retorno de 20 anos
RESERVA NACIONAL DE POMENE PLANO DE MANEIO Volume II Estudos de Caracterização da Reserva e seu Entorno
ANAC
2016
Inhambane
A Reserva Nacional de Pomene (RNP) localiza-se no Distrito de Massinga (Província de Inhambane) estendendo-se pelos dois postos administrativos do distrito e abarcando os povoados das localidades de Guma e Malamba. Dentro da Reserva encontram-se alguns agregados familiares a residir, porém o grosso da população reside mesmo nos limites desta
Portuguese
No Restrictions
General
PA Management Document
Protected Areas
Pomene National Reserve
RESERVA NACIONAL DE POMENE PLANO DE MANEIO Volume II Estudos de Caracterização da Reserva e seu Entorno
Dados actualizados na área de fontes de abastecimento de água e saneamento em Cabo Delgado
DPOPHRH
2015
Cabo Delgado
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Official Government Document
Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.)
None
Dados actualizados na área de fontes de abastecimento de água e saneamento em Cabo Delgado
Relação entre o caudal e a área de inundação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Limpopo
Sinate, A.
2002
Gaza
o estudo da previsão e prevenção dos caudais das cheias é importante, pois o conhecimento profundo destes contribui para a segurança das vidas humanas e do desenvolvimento sócio-económico rural. O objectivo geral da investigação é desenhar um mapa de riscos de inundação da bacia do Limpopo, a partir das estações hidrométricas de Chókwè e de macarretane.
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Peer-reviewed article
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity; Threats to Biodiversity
None
Relação entre o caudal e a área de inundação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Limpopo
Pomene Association: Heritage Vision for Pomene
Greef, J.
Sd
Inhambane
English
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity; Other Terrestrial Biodiversity; Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity; Marine Biodiversity; Coastal Biodiversity
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Climate Change and Biodiversity
Pomene National Reserve
Pomene Association: Heritage Vision for Pomene
XVIII SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DO COMITÉ DE BACIA DO LIMPOPO ACTA – SÍNTESE
ARA-Sul, UGBL
2009
Gaza
ARA-Sul
Portuguese
No Restrictions
Inland Waters and Wetlands Biodiversity
Others
Legal and Political (Laws, Regulations, Action Plans, Strategies, etc.)
None
XVIII SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DO COMITÉ DE BACIA DO LIMPOPO ACTA – SÍNTESE
Strategic Environmental Assessment Better Practice Guide – methodological guidance for strategic thinking in SEA
Partidario, M.
2012
N/A
Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente e Redes Energéticas Nacionais
The purpose of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Guide is to offer practical guidance on how to do SEA in an innovative and sustainability oriented way, using strategic thinking. The guidance applies to all actions that are driven by long-term strategic objectives. SEA can help decision-making set trajectories for sustainability by facilitating the integration of broad environmental (biophysical, social, institutional and economic) issues to create enabling development conditions. The SEA approach follows a strategic thinking model with an integrative, holistic and transversal (cross-sectorial and interdisciplinary) nature, illustrated by case-examples from Portugal and elsewhere.
English
No Restrictions
General
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Impact Assessment
None
Strategic Environmental Assessment Better Practice Guide – methodological guidance for strategic thinking in SEA
Nile Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus
Fergusson, R.
2010
N/A
Crocodiles. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
English
No Restrictions
Other Terrestrial Biodiversity
Peer-reviewed article
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Nile Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus
Structure and Condition of Zambezi Valley Dry Forests and Thickets
Hoare, R. Robertson, E. & Dunham, K.
2002
Tete
The Zambezi Society
The present study aimed to improve knowledge of biodiversity within the dry forests; identify indicators of forest condition; and evaluate conservation issues associated with the forests, including the effects of disturbance by humans and wildlife. A rapid assessment method was used to record vegetation structure, indicators of forest health (condition) and evidence of disturbance by people and wildlife.
English
No Restrictions
Forest Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
Mágoè National Park
Structure and Condition of Zambezi Valley Dry Forests and Thickets
Second Strategic Plan for the Development of Tourism in Mozambique (SPDTM II) – Volume 1: Core Report
The overall goal of this Second Strategic Tourism Development Plan (SPDTM II) is to provide the Ministry of Tourism (MITUR) with a tourism growth strategy and implementation plan for developing the tourism sector as a key catalyst for rapid economic growth and job creation over the period 2015 to 2024, in support of the Government’s national Poverty Reduction Action Plan (PARP).
English
No Restrictions
General
Official Government Document
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
All Protected Areas of Mozambique
Second Strategic Plan for the Development of Tourism in Mozambique (SPDTM II) – Volume 1: Core Report
World Heritage – Challenges for the Millennium
UNESCO
2007
N/A
This publication aims to be a key communication tool. It provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of more than three decades of the implementation of the World Heritage Convention and highlights a number of successes and challenges. Despite the sometimes technical information presented, the editors hope that it will be accessible to the general reader as well as university students and researchers, heritage conservation specialists and policy-makers.
English
No Restrictions
General
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Biological and Cultural Diversity
None
World Heritage – Challenges for the Millennium
Monitoring World Heritage
UNESCO
2002
N/A
UNESCO
ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre organized the “Monitoring World Heritage” workshop in the World Heritage City of Vicenza, Italy, on November 11-12, 2002, immediately prior to the 30th Anniversary of the World Heritage Convention congress held in Venice from 14 to 16 November 2002.
English
No Restrictions
General
Project Document, Project Reports and Evaluations
Biological and Cultural Diversity
None
Monitoring World Heritage
Economic reasons for conserving wild nature
Balmford, A. Et al.
Sd
N/A
On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the ten years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit: cost ratio of an effective global programme for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100 : 1.
English
No Restrictions
General
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Economics, Trade and Incentive Measures
None
Economic reasons for conserving wild nature
Code of Practice for the Design of Road Bridges and Culverts
Division of Roads and Transport Technology, CSIR
1998
N/A
This Code is issued on behalf of the Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) as a manual to be used in the design of highway bridges and culverts in order to achieve greater uniformity of standards in bridge loading and design throughout the SADC region. Whereas some deviations to suit local requirements may be necessary, it is important that the agreed standards and design principles expounded in this document be adhered to.
English
No Restrictions
Other Terrestrial Biodiversity
Reports, Studies, Biodiversity Baselines and Evaluations
Identification, Monitoring, Indicators and Assessments
None
Code of Practice for the Design of Road Bridges and Culverts